Tous les cours | Plateforme de formation à distance du CERFER

Deprecated: core_shutdown_manager::register_signal_handler(): Implicitly marking parameter $params as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/classes/shutdown_manager.php on line 124

Deprecated: core_shutdown_manager::register_function(): Implicitly marking parameter $params as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/classes/shutdown_manager.php on line 138

Deprecated: xmldb_object::validateDefinition(): Implicitly marking parameter $xmldb_table as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/xmldb/xmldb_object.php on line 419

Deprecated: xmldb_table::validateDefinition(): Implicitly marking parameter $xmldb_table as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/xmldb/xmldb_table.php on line 713

Deprecated: xmldb_field::validateDefinition(): Implicitly marking parameter $xmldb_table as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/xmldb/xmldb_field.php on line 763

Deprecated: xmldb_index::validateDefinition(): Implicitly marking parameter $xmldb_table as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/xmldb/xmldb_index.php on line 339

Deprecated: database_manager::check_database_schema(): Implicitly marking parameter $options as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/ddl/database_manager.php on line 958

Deprecated: course_allowed_module(): Implicitly marking parameter $user as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/course/lib.php on line 1947

Deprecated: average_number_of_participants(): Implicitly marking parameter $lastloginsince as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/course/lib.php on line 2514

Deprecated: course_get_enrolled_courses_for_logged_in_user(): Implicitly marking parameter $sort as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/course/lib.php on line 4255

Deprecated: course_get_enrolled_courses_for_logged_in_user(): Implicitly marking parameter $fields as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/course/lib.php on line 4255

Deprecated: course_get_enrolled_courses_for_logged_in_user_from_search(): Implicitly marking parameter $sort as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/course/lib.php on line 4301

Deprecated: course_get_enrolled_courses_for_logged_in_user_from_search(): Implicitly marking parameter $fields as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/course/lib.php on line 4301

Deprecated: can_download_from_backup_filearea(): Implicitly marking parameter $user as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/course/lib.php on line 4693

Deprecated: course_get_recent_courses(): Implicitly marking parameter $userid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/course/lib.php on line 4749

Deprecated: course_get_recent_courses(): Implicitly marking parameter $sort as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/course/lib.php on line 4749

Deprecated: completion_info::get_tracked_users(): Implicitly marking parameter $extracontext as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/completionlib.php on line 1429

Deprecated: completion_info::get_progress_all(): Implicitly marking parameter $extracontext as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/completionlib.php on line 1481

Deprecated: completion_criteria::get_icon(): Implicitly marking parameter $attributes as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/completion/criteria/completion_criteria.php on line 244

Deprecated: file_prepare_draft_area(): Implicitly marking parameter $options as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filelib.php on line 408

Deprecated: file_rewrite_pluginfile_urls(): Implicitly marking parameter $options as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filelib.php on line 492

Deprecated: file_save_draft_area_files(): Implicitly marking parameter $options as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filelib.php on line 1107

Deprecated: file_merge_files_from_draft_area_into_filearea(): Implicitly marking parameter $options as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filelib.php on line 2981

Deprecated: file_storage::delete_area_files_select(): Implicitly marking parameter $params as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/file_storage.php on line 917

Deprecated: file_storage::create_file_from_url(): Implicitly marking parameter $options as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/file_storage.php on line 1224

Deprecated: stored_file::extract_to_pathname(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/stored_file.php on line 528

Deprecated: stored_file::extract_to_storage(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/stored_file.php on line 546

Deprecated: file_system::extract_to_pathname(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/file_system.php on line 295

Deprecated: file_system::extract_to_storage(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/file_system.php on line 314

Deprecated: zip_packer::archive_to_storage(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/zip_packer.php on line 56

Deprecated: zip_packer::archive_to_pathname(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/zip_packer.php on line 98

Deprecated: zip_packer::archive_stored(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/zip_packer.php on line 176

Deprecated: zip_packer::archive_pathname(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/zip_packer.php on line 218

Deprecated: zip_packer::extract_to_pathname(): Implicitly marking parameter $onlyfiles as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/zip_packer.php on line 265

Deprecated: zip_packer::extract_to_pathname(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/zip_packer.php on line 265

Deprecated: zip_packer::extract_to_storage(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/zip_packer.php on line 425

Deprecated: file_packer::archive_to_storage(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/file_packer.php on line 62

Deprecated: file_packer::archive_to_pathname(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/file_packer.php on line 87

Deprecated: file_packer::extract_to_pathname(): Implicitly marking parameter $onlyfiles as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/file_packer.php on line 101

Deprecated: file_packer::extract_to_pathname(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/file_packer.php on line 101

Deprecated: file_packer::extract_to_storage(): Implicitly marking parameter $progress as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filestorage/file_packer.php on line 117

Deprecated: core_courseformat\base::validate_format_options(): Implicitly marking parameter $sectionid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/course/format/classes/base.php on line 1068

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property theme_config::$addblockposition is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/outputlib.php on line 775

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property theme_config::$iconsystem is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/outputlib.php on line 775

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property theme_config::$haseditswitch is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/outputlib.php on line 775

Deprecated: core_course_renderer::course_section_cm_edit_actions(): Implicitly marking parameter $mod as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/course/renderer.php on line 214

Deprecated: Mustache_Engine::loadSource(): Implicitly marking parameter $cache as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/mustache/src/Mustache/Engine.php on line 738

Deprecated: Mustache_Exception_UnknownHelperException::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $previous as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/mustache/src/Mustache/Exception/UnknownHelperException.php on line 23

Deprecated: Mustache_Parser::buildTree(): Implicitly marking parameter $parent as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/mustache/src/Mustache/Parser.php on line 73

Deprecated: core_customfield\handler::create_category(): Implicitly marking parameter $name as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/customfield/classes/handler.php on line 201

Deprecated: core\persistent::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $record as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/classes/persistent.php on line 60

Deprecated: core\persistent::record_exists_select(): Implicitly marking parameter $params as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/classes/persistent.php on line 977

Deprecated: enrol_manual_plugin::add_instance(): Implicitly marking parameter $fields as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/enrol/manual/lib.php on line 148

Deprecated: enrol_guest_plugin::add_instance(): Implicitly marking parameter $fields as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/enrol/guest/lib.php on line 253

Deprecated: enrol_self_plugin::add_instance(): Implicitly marking parameter $fields as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/enrol/self/lib.php on line 976

Deprecated: enrol_cohort_plugin::add_instance(): Implicitly marking parameter $fields as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/enrol/cohort/lib.php on line 105

Deprecated: forum_get_forums_user_posted_in(): Implicitly marking parameter $courseids as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/mod/forum/lib.php on line 5767

Deprecated: assign_add_instance(): Implicitly marking parameter $form as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/mod/assign/lib.php on line 38

Deprecated: core_availability\info::is_available(): Implicitly marking parameter $modinfo as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/availability/classes/info.php on line 173

Deprecated: core_availability\info::get_full_information(): Implicitly marking parameter $modinfo as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/availability/classes/info.php on line 263

Deprecated: core_availability\result::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $node as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/availability/classes/result.php on line 53

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property filterobject::$replacementcallback is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filterlib.php on line 605

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property filterobject::$replacementcallbackdata is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filterlib.php on line 606

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property filterobject::$replacementcallback is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filterlib.php on line 605

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property filterobject::$replacementcallbackdata is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filterlib.php on line 606

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property filterobject::$replacementcallback is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filterlib.php on line 605

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property filterobject::$replacementcallbackdata is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/filterlib.php on line 606

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property theme_config::$addblockposition is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/outputlib.php on line 775

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property theme_config::$iconsystem is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/outputlib.php on line 775

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property theme_config::$haseditswitch is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/outputlib.php on line 775

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property theme_config::$addblockposition is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/outputlib.php on line 775

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property theme_config::$iconsystem is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/outputlib.php on line 775

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property theme_config::$haseditswitch is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/outputlib.php on line 775

Deprecated: core_competency\api::get_related_contexts(): Implicitly marking parameter $hasanycapability as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/competency/classes/api.php on line 906

Deprecated: core_competency\api::apply_competency_rules_from_usercompetency(): Implicitly marking parameter $competency as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/competency/classes/api.php on line 4564

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property section_info::$hasactivites is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/navigationlib.php on line 2217

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property section_info::$hasactivites is deprecated in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/navigationlib.php on line 2217

Deprecated: core_analytics\manager::cached_models_with_insights(): Implicitly marking parameter $newmodelid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/analytics/classes/manager.php on line 536

Deprecated: core_analytics\manager::get_potential_context_restrictions(): Implicitly marking parameter $query as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/analytics/classes/manager.php on line 944

Deprecated: grade_object::add_feedback_files(): Implicitly marking parameter $historyid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/grade/grade_object.php on line 432

Deprecated: grade_object::update_feedback_files(): Implicitly marking parameter $historyid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/grade/grade_object.php on line 440

Deprecated: core_contentbank\contentbank::load_context_supported_extensions(): Implicitly marking parameter $context as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/contentbank/classes/contentbank.php on line 106

Deprecated: core_contentbank\contentbank::get_supported_extensions_as_string(): Implicitly marking parameter $context as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/contentbank/classes/contentbank.php on line 135

Deprecated: core_contentbank\contentbank::get_extension_supporter(): Implicitly marking parameter $context as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/contentbank/classes/contentbank.php on line 162

Deprecated: core_contentbank\contentbank::get_contenttypes_with_capability_feature(): Implicitly marking parameter $context as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/contentbank/classes/contentbank.php on line 340

Deprecated: blog_get_all_options(): Implicitly marking parameter $userid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/blog/lib.php on line 341

Deprecated: blog_get_options_for_user(): Implicitly marking parameter $user as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/blog/lib.php on line 403

Deprecated: blog_get_options_for_course(): Implicitly marking parameter $user as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/blog/lib.php on line 474

Deprecated: calendar_information::create(): Implicitly marking parameter $categoryid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/calendar/lib.php on line 1100

Deprecated: calendar_information::set_sources(): Implicitly marking parameter $category as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/calendar/lib.php on line 1180

Deprecated: calendar_set_filters(): Implicitly marking parameter $user as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/calendar/lib.php on line 2109

Deprecated: calendar_get_default_courses(): Implicitly marking parameter $userid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/calendar/lib.php on line 2427

Deprecated: calendar_import_events_from_ical(): Implicitly marking parameter $subscriptionid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/calendar/lib.php on line 3081

Deprecated: calendar_get_allowed_event_types(): Implicitly marking parameter $courseid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/calendar/lib.php on line 3805

Deprecated: comment::init(): Implicitly marking parameter $page as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/comment/lib.php on line 247

Deprecated: comment::get_nojslink(): Implicitly marking parameter $page as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/comment/lib.php on line 331

Deprecated: grade_regrade_final_grades_if_required(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/gradelib.php on line 381

Deprecated: grade_item::has_hidden_grades(): Implicitly marking parameter $params as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/grade/grade_item.php on line 756

Deprecated: grade_grade::add_feedback_files(): Implicitly marking parameter $historyid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/grade/grade_grade.php on line 1054

Deprecated: grade_grade::update_feedback_files(): Implicitly marking parameter $historyid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/grade/grade_grade.php on line 1075

Deprecated: moodleform::init_javascript_enhancement(): Implicitly marking parameter $strings as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/formslib.php on line 1381

Deprecated: grading_manager::extend_settings_navigation(): Implicitly marking parameter $modulenode as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/grade/grading/lib.php on line 446

Deprecated: grading_manager::extend_navigation(): Implicitly marking parameter $modulenode as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/grade/grading/lib.php on line 475

Deprecated: grading_manager::get_management_url(): Implicitly marking parameter $returnurl as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/grade/grading/lib.php on line 554

Deprecated: repository::send_file(): Implicitly marking parameter $options as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/repository/lib.php on line 1220

Deprecated: core_message\helper::render_messaging_widget(): Implicitly marking parameter $sendtouser as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/message/classes/helper.php on line 546

Deprecated: core_message\helper::render_messaging_widget(): Implicitly marking parameter $conversationid as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/message/classes/helper.php on line 546

Deprecated: core_message\helper::render_messaging_widget(): Implicitly marking parameter $view as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/message/classes/helper.php on line 546
Tous les cours | Plateforme de formation à distance du CERFER

Accueil

Dessin de Construction

ce cours vise à amener le l'apprenant à s'approprier des règles pratiques en terminologie du bâtiment.

Enseignant: Arcadius MENSAH

Dessin Technique

Enseignant: BALIMA Jean

Gestion Administrative

Contrôle de Gestion

Comptabilité Analytique

Communication et Markéting

Enseignant: Adjélé Charlotte WILSON-BAHUN

Gestion d'Entreprise

Enseignant: Essoavana Ouro-Djobo SAMAH

Suivi et Evaluation de Projet

Enseignant: Komlan EDAN

Passation de marchés Publics

Deprecated: core\event\base::create(): Implicitly marking parameter $data as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/cerfer/coursenligne.cerfer.org/lib/classes/event/base.php on line 173